There are plenty of built-in macOS keyboard shortcuts. Here are some lesser-known ones that I use often.

For moving the cursor:

• ⌃A: Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
• ⌃E: Move to the end of a line or paragraph.

For deleting:

• ⌃D: Delete the character to the right of the insertion point.
• ⌃K: Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph.

Miscellaneous:

• ⌃T: Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point. (So useful for fixing typos.)